{"id":938,"date":"2015-02-15T15:47:48","date_gmt":"2015-02-15T14:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phicatgarnier.wordpress.com\/?p=938"},"modified":"2017-03-22T15:47:57","modified_gmt":"2017-03-22T14:47:57","slug":"au-cerro-paranal-le-very-large-telescope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/2015\/02\/15\/au-cerro-paranal-le-very-large-telescope\/","title":{"rendered":"Au Cerro Paranal, le \u00ab\u00a0Very Large Telescope\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s San Pedro de Atacama, nous traversons une r\u00e9gion mini\u00e8re au nord du Chili, peu r\u00e9jouissante entre paysages d\u00e9vast\u00e9s et pollutions tous azimuth. Nous atteignons la grande ville d’Antofagasta au bord du Pacifique, en plein boom minier.<\/p>\n

Mais notre voyage a ici un objectif, la visite au plus grand observatoire au monde en lumi\u00e8re visible, le \u00ab\u00a0Very Large T\u00e9lescope\u00a0\u00bb. Le VLT a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit par l\u2019ESO au sommet du Cerro Paranal, dans le d\u00e9sert de l\u2019Atacama, \u00e0 une centaine de kilom\u00e8tres au sud d’Antofagasta. L\u2019ESO (European South Observatory) f\u00e9d\u00e8re les pays europ\u00e9ens pour la r\u00e9alisation et la gestion de grands observatoires dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re austral.<\/p>\n

\"DSC04152-001\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

Le VLT comporte en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 10 t\u00e9lescopes, dont 4 tr\u00e8s grands t\u00e9lescopes de 8,20 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre. Ces instruments permettent de distinguer un homme sur la lune \u2026 si l\u2019un vient \u00e0 s\u2019y aventurer. Mais ce n\u2019est pas l\u2019objet de ces instruments que de regarder vers la lune. Trop facile! Photographi\u00e9s en noir et blanc, ces t\u00e9lescopes perch\u00e9s dans l’azur ont un air de science-fiction.<\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

Simple visiteurs, nous avons la chance de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer au c\u0153ur de ces fastueuses machines et de s\u2019y extasier \u2026 miroir principal dont la surface concave est fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e au nanom\u00e8tre pr\u00e8s, miroir secondaire qui renvoie l’image recueillie vers les instruments d\u2019analyse, instruments d\u2019analyse plac\u00e9s sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 du t\u00e9lescope, pistons de r\u00e9glage de l\u2019optique active \u2026 on ne doute pas que vous vous extasiez aussi\u00a0!<\/p>\n

\"DSC04158-001\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

La salle de contr\u00f4le pour se projeter quelques instants en chercheur \u00e9puis\u00e9 par les nuits consacr\u00e9es aux observations et les journ\u00e9es consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019analyse des observations. La vraie vie des astrophysiciens\u00a0!<\/p>\n

\"DSC04166-001\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Leur but est de regarder au-del\u00e0 de la Voie Lact\u00e9e, pour observer les galaxies, notamment celles qui sont aujourd\u2019hui au fin fond de l\u2019Univers, dont on observe la lumi\u00e8re \u00e9mise il a plus de 10 milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, \u00e0 une \u00e9poque ou l\u2019Univers \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s jeune. Mais regarder aussi dans la Voie Lact\u00e9e, pour analyser les objets qu\u2019elle contient. Par exemple y d\u00e9tecter les exoplan\u00e8tes. Mieux, celles qui ressembleraient \u00e0 notre Terre. Ou encore scruter le centre de notre galaxie \u00e0 30000 ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re, derri\u00e8re d\u2019infinis nuages de poussi\u00e8re interstellaire.<\/p>\n

Avec le VLT les chercheurs ont mis en \u00e9vidence l\u2019existence d\u2019un trou noir supermassif au centre de notre Voie Lact\u00e9e. Cet objet, Sagittarius A*, a une masse l\u2019ordre de 4 millions de fois la masse de notre soleil. Un trou noir qui absorbe toute la mati\u00e8re qui passe \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, si massif qu\u2019il engendre une force de gravit\u00e9 emp\u00eachant m\u00eame la lumi\u00e8re de s\u2019en \u00e9chapper. Pour cela le VLT a observ\u00e9 pendant plus de 10 ans le centre de la Galaxie et le mouvement des \u00e9toiles autour du noyau central \u2026Pour illustrer une image de la tr\u00e8s photog\u00e9nique n\u00e9buleuse de la Car\u00e8ne, publi\u00e9e par l’ESO.<\/p>\n

\"eso1208a\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le Chili d\u00e9tient le record du nombre de grands observatoires, tous situ\u00e9s dans cette r\u00e9gion. Altitudes \u00e9lev\u00e9es, air sec, ciel nocturne d\u00e9gag\u00e9 plus de 300 nuits par an, cela fait beaucoup d\u2019atouts. Un risque pourtant avec les tremblements de terre, terribles. Mais l\u2019Europe peut \u00eatre fi\u00e8re de son action ici, avec le VLT, mais aussi le tout r\u00e9cent radiot\u00e9lescope ALMA pr\u00e8s de San Pedro, h\u00e9las non encore visitable. Et puis un nouveau t\u00e9lescope extr\u00eamement puissant, l\u2019EELT, de 39 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre, qui sera mis en service \u00e0 une vingtaine de kilom\u00e8tres du Cerro Paranal, en 2022 \u2026<\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

Dernier regard vers l’endroit qui abrite les astrophysiciens lors de leur s\u00e9jour. Souterrain, sous un d\u00f4me qui va bien dans ce lieu post-moderne, …<\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a><\/p>\n

Hasta luego<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s San Pedro de Atacama, nous traversons une r\u00e9gion mini\u00e8re au nord du Chili, peu r\u00e9jouissante entre paysages d\u00e9vast\u00e9s et pollutions tous azimuth. Nous atteignons la grande ville d’Antofagasta au bord du Pacifique, en plein boom minier. Mais notre voyage a ici un objectif, la visite au plus grand observatoire au monde en lumi\u00e8re visible, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[10],"tags":[14],"class_list":["post-938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chile-y-argentina","tag-chili"],"yoast_head":"\nAu Cerro Paranal, le "Very Large Telescope" - Imagine demain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/2015\/02\/15\/au-cerro-paranal-le-very-large-telescope\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Au Cerro Paranal, le "Very Large Telescope" - Imagine demain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s San Pedro de Atacama, nous traversons une r\u00e9gion mini\u00e8re au nord du Chili, peu r\u00e9jouissante entre paysages d\u00e9vast\u00e9s et pollutions tous azimuth. 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A Quellon nous embarquons avec \u00ab\u00a0Naviera Austral\u00a0\u00bb pour Puerto Cisnes o\u00f9 nous aborderons la Patagonie chilienne. Cette partie du Chili, bien que continentale,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Chili & Argentine"","block_context":{"text":"Chili & Argentine","link":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/category\/chile-y-argentina\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00105.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00105.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00105.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00105.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00105.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":62,"url":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/2014\/11\/30\/lexperience-du-pisco-sour\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":1},"title":"L\u2019exp\u00e9rience du Pisco Sour","author":"Philippe","date":"30 novembre 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Avant d\u2019entrer dans le vif du sujet, je vous soumets trois questions sur la course du soleil. A votre avis, \u00e0 Santiago du Chili, qui se situe dans l\u2019h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud\u00a0: 1\/ O\u00f9 le soleil se trouve-t-il \u00e0 midi\u00a0: au sud ou au nord\u00a0? 2\/ O\u00f9 le soleil se l\u00e8ve-t-il\u00a0: \u00e0\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Chili & Argentine"","block_context":{"text":"Chili & Argentine","link":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/category\/chile-y-argentina\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/dsc02459.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/dsc02459.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/dsc02459.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/dsc02459.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/dsc02459.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":575,"url":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/2015\/01\/15\/detroit-de-magellan-le-mythe\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":2},"title":"D\u00e9troit de Magellan, le mythe","author":"Philippe","date":"15 janvier 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Apr\u00e8s le Perito Moreno en Argentine, poursuivant toujours plus sud nous revenons au Chili. Cinq guichets \u00e0 franchir et trois bonnes heures au poste fronti\u00e8re. Au cinqui\u00e8me et dernier guichet, un douanier chilien saisit les deux oranges et les deux avocats que nous transportons. Il les p\u00e8se sur un p\u00e8se-h\u00e9ro\u00efne,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Chili & Argentine"","block_context":{"text":"Chili & Argentine","link":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/category\/chile-y-argentina\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"IMG_1025","src":"https:\/\/phicatgarnier.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/01\/img_1025.jpg?w=350&h=200&crop=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/phicatgarnier.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/01\/img_1025.jpg?w=350&h=200&crop=1 1x, https:\/\/phicatgarnier.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/01\/img_1025.jpg?w=525&h=300&crop=1 1.5x, https:\/\/phicatgarnier.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/01\/img_1025.jpg?w=700&h=400&crop=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":666,"url":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/2015\/01\/24\/la-longue-route\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":3},"title":"La longue route","author":"Philippe","date":"24 janvier 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Depuis le d\u00e9troit de Magellan notre mission est claire: rejoindre le nord du Chili, en passant par l\u2019Argentine. Soit 4000 \u00e0 5000 kilom\u00e8tres de route, pour aller du 53\u00e8me parall\u00e8le au 23\u00e8me parall\u00e8le sud. Carte en main la route part de Punta Arenas au Chili, puis Rio Gallegos en Argentine,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Chili & Argentine"","block_context":{"text":"Chili & Argentine","link":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/category\/chile-y-argentina\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/img_1150.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/img_1150.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/img_1150.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/img_1150.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/img_1150.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":465,"url":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/2014\/12\/30\/rio-baker-bleu-turquoise-ou-vert-emeraude\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":4},"title":"Rio Baker, bleu turquoise ou vert \u00e9meraude ?","author":"Philippe","date":"30 d\u00e9cembre 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Arriv\u00e9s au lac G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Carrera, nous devrions mettre le cap sur l\u2019Argentine et passer la fronti\u00e8re \u00e0 Chile Chico (Los Antiguos en Argentine). La voie argentine est le seul moyen de gagner le tr\u00e8s grand Sud par la fameuse Ruta 40, et notamment les parcs Los Glaciares en Argentine et\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Chili & Argentine"","block_context":{"text":"Chili & Argentine","link":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/category\/chile-y-argentina\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00288.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00288.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00288.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00288.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/dsc00288.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1116,"url":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/2015\/02\/22\/que-lindo-que-lindo\/","url_meta":{"origin":938,"position":5},"title":"\u00a1Que lindo ! \u00a1Que lindo !","author":"Philippe","date":"22 f\u00e9vrier 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Trois mois depuis notre arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 Santiago du Chili. Derri\u00e8re nous le grand sud du Chili, derri\u00e8re nous le sud de l\u2019Argentine et l\u2019immense Pampa d\u00e9sertique, derri\u00e8re nous les parcs argentins puis le nord-ouest de l\u2019Argentine, derri\u00e8re nous le nord chilien et l\u2019Atacama o\u00f9 il ne pleut jamais (oui\u00a0! jamais\u00a0!\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans "Chili & Argentine"","block_context":{"text":"Chili & Argentine","link":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/category\/chile-y-argentina\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/dsc05277.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/dsc05277.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/dsc05277.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/dsc05277.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/imaginedemain.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/dsc05277.jpg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=938"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2127,"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions\/2127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginedemain.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}